As NADPH oxidase has been implicated as a critical target for the pathogenesis of atrial fibrosis and the inducible AF in the CKD animal model (Fukunaga et al., 2012; Aoki et al., 2015), speculations that Cx43 can also be affected by CKD have been disregarded (Qiu et al., 2018). The gene discussed is GJA1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.