As NADPH oxidase has been implicated as a critical target for the pathogenesis of atrial fibrosis and the inducible AF in the CKD animal model (Fukunaga et al., 2012; Aoki et al., 2015), speculations that Cx43 can also be affected by CKD have been disregarded (Qiu et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene FMO5 and chronic kidney disease.