Furthermore, in another study by Borrello et al. (2005), it was reported that transforming oncogene RET/PTC1 in human papillary thyroid carcinoma can induce the expression of CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4, thus triggering autocrine proliferation of thyroid carcinoma cells (Borrello et al., 2005). The gene discussed is RET; the disease is differentiated thyroid carcinoma.