In addition, we found epigenetic abnormalities such as a marked increase in the expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and TET, a significant increase in 5-methylcytosine (5MC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5HMC) in the promoters of putative schizophrenia-related genes, such as bdnf , gad1, reln, and the early inducible gene, GADD45 (growth arrest DNA demage). This evidence concerns the gene GAD1 and schizophrenia.