ESR1 and infectious disease: This review will discuss the triphenylethylene scaffold as a privileged scaffold, specifically focusing on the infectious disease applications of the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) tamoxifen (TAM), toremifene (TOR), and clomiphene/clomifene (CLM), including a discussion of the various mechanisms of action and targets that mediate these non-estrogen receptor activities (Fig. 1).