Intriguingly, we also found that LC3B+ EVs, isolated from malignant ascites of a lung cancer patient (Additional file 2: Figure S6a), were more potent than LC3B− EVs to upregulate CD163, PD-L1 and IL-10 expression and downregulate HLA-DR expression of monocytes (Additional file 2: Figure S6b-d), suggesting that LC3B+ EVs (TRAPs) are a dominant subtype of large EVs in converting monocytes. Here, MAP1LC3B is linked to lung cancer.