They include amyloid β (Aβ), a hallmark of Alzheimer disease, α-synuclein, a feature of Parkinson’s and Lewy body disease, and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), typical of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [31]. Here, TARDBP is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.