Further data analysis indicated that the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma with heteronemin altered mRNA levels of genes involved in signal transduction pathways, cell adhesion, the expression of ECM receptors, the TGF-β pathway, cell motility, membrane integration, metastasis response, MMP remodeling, the regulation of metabolism, sprouting angiogenesis, transcription factors, and vasculogenesis (Figure 5). Here, TGFB1 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.