TGFB1 and cholangiocarcinoma: Heteronemin was also able to modulate several signal transduction pathways and regulate cell adhesion, the expression of ECM receptors, the TGF-β pathway, cell motility, the integral membrane, metastasis response, MMP remodeling, the regulation of metabolism, sprouting angiogenesis, transcription factor, and vasculogenesis in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines.