Interestingly, many genes involved in glycolysis were upregulated by E. coli infection in both Mkp-1+/+ and Mkp-1−/− mice, including pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (Pdk) 3/4, and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (Pfkfb3). Here, DUSP1 is linked to escherichia coli infection.