TNF and Insulin resistance: Excessive adiposity, especially visceral fat, as an endocrine organ, is associated with overmuch plasma free fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity and a chronic proinflammatory state by releasing excessive inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), resulting in insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and a prothrombotic state [3,4,5].