INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus is broadly classified as: (i) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) which account for about 5 to 10% of diabetes and is characterized by inability to produce insulin because of autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells [2]; and (ii) non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).