Overall, the data show that IP-10 was the most significant cellular marker to identify both LL/BL and BT/TT leprosy patients in low- and high endemic populations, anti-PGL-I IgM and CRP are relevant for diagnosis of LL/BL patients and CCL4 contributes to the detection of BT/TT patients. The gene discussed is CXCL10; the disease is leprosy.