A few recent studies have reported promising results for elderly melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and renal cancer patients treated with CTLA-4 or PD-1 blockade, with elderly patients demonstrating similar survival benefits and ability to tolerate treatments, compared to younger patients (101–104), this supports further investigation of checkpoint blockade as a therapeutic avenue for elderly mesothelioma patients. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and mesothelioma.