Our previous studies, using young mice (1.5–2 months of age, equivalent to 16–26 human years), have shown that intra-tumoral administration of IL-2 in combination with agonist anti-CD40 antibody (IL-2/CD40) induces permanent regression of large AE17 mesothelioma tumors mediated by CD8+ T cells, neutrophils (26), B cells (27) and pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages (28). The gene discussed is CD40; the disease is mesothelioma.