In particular, blockade of multiple inhibitory molecules (CD39, CD73, A2A, and A2B receptors, PD-L1, PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, ICOS, and TGF-β) will help reduce the likelihood of negative cross-talk during DC/T cell interactions in elderly TDLNs and tumors, thereby permitting activation of anti-tumor effector T cells. Here, ICOS is linked to neoplasm.