It has previously been shown that the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 therapy was pronounced for melanoma patients with high blood levels of CD16+ monocytes (26), and the combination of isolated limb infusion and the CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab in a phase II trial improved response rates and was associated with an increased T cell infiltration (27). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is melanoma.