JAK3 and combined immunodeficiency: The critical role of JAK3 in lymphoid cells is highlighted by the phenotypes of JAK3 activating mutations causing different types of leukemia and lymphomas (3–5), as well as by JAK3 deficiencies that cause severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID); a condition resulting from profound defects in mature T cells and B cells and innate lymphoid cells including NK cells (6–8).