Interestingly, our results showed that INF39, but not YVAD and anakinra, counteracted significantly the increments of TNF, and that INF39 blunted the increased MPO levels with greater efficacy than the caspase-1 inhibitor and IL-1β receptor antagonist in rats with colitis, thus corroborating the concept that the direct blockade of NLRP3 could represent a better pharmacological strategy for treatment of bowel inflammation, than caspase-1 inhibition and IL-1β receptor blockade (Pellegrini et al., 2017b). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colitis.