In the apoptosis assay, we performed immunostaining by apoptosis marker cleaved caspase-3 and found that the expression of cleaved caspase-3 significantly increased in myotubes from MyoD-transduced fibroblasts of DMD patient sample differentiated for 21 days compared with those of normal human (Figure 3H). The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is Duchenne muscular dystrophy.