Furthermore, up-regulation of Nod proteins upon exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to malaria sporozoites has been observed [59] and influence of Nod proteins on cytokine levels involving malaria pathogenesis, i.e. IFN-γ [60] supports the theory that alludes to the importance of genes that encode Nod Protein in malaria. Here, IFNG is linked to malaria.