CA4 and lung carcinoma: Based on GDS3837, GDS3257 and GDS3054, nine differentially expressed genes that were associated with lung cancer had been extracted, where these 9 genes that were smoking independent, and they were AGER, CA4, EDNRB, FAM107A, GPM6A, NPR1, PECAM1, RASIP1 and TGFBR3 [16].