In cancer cells, CyPD binds to a complex of tumor necrosis factor type 1 receptor-associated protein (TRAP-1) and its related proteins heat shock protein 90 (HSP60) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in the mitochondrial matrix; this binding sequesters CyPD and prevents it from opening the PTP, while an HSP90 inhibitor releases CyPD and causes PTP opening [100,101,102]. Here, PPIF is linked to cancer.