Furthermore, in patient of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, one of the major vaginal abnormality, the epithelium of closed vaginal antral mucosa are expanded to the entire vagina by surgery and treatment of fibroblast growth factor and differentiates into vagina-like estrogen receptor-expressed stratified epithelium [37]. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome type 1.