It modulates several lipid metabolic pathways in the liver through siting in nucleotide sequences of 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of three target genes, including HNF4α, SIRT1 and PPARα, which regulate VLDL secretion, fatty acid synthesis, insulin resistance and fatty acid oxidation to participate the progression of NAFLD [38, 40, 85, 86]. Here, INS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.