The expression of miRNAs in the hippocampus, medial frontal gyrus and CSF is regionally and stage-specifically altered in AD patient brains using a sensitive qRT-PCR platform, and miRNAs are involved in pathways related to amyloid processing, neurogenesis, insulin resistance, and innate immunity in AD pathogenesis (Cogswell et al., 2008). This evidence concerns the gene INS and Alzheimer disease.