In contrast, ATF3 and TNFRSF6B were upregulated (Supplementary Figures 1D,E and Supplementary Table 1) in hAECBs from CF patients during the course of infection by Pa. These results indicated an altered expression of mRNAs involved in the CHAC1-associated ER stress response (Supplementary Figure 1F) in CF cells. The gene discussed is ATF3; the disease is cystic fibrosis.