The key role that TGF-β plays in CD103+ TIL biology was further validated using a tumor-specific human T cell clone, by showing that binding of TGF-β to its receptor promoted the recruitment and phosphorylation of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) to the CD103 intracellular domain, inducing integrin inside-out signaling that may further promote TRM cell migration and function (76, 77). The gene discussed is ILK; the disease is neoplasm.