A substantial number of genes were upregulated 4 h after infection: Tlr1, Tlr2, C-type lectin domain family 4-member e (Clec4e/Mincle), heat shock protein 1A (Hspa1a/HSP70), interferon regulatory factor 1 (Irf 1), receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (Ripk2), nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (Nfkb1), NF-kB inhibitor alpha (Nfkbia/Ikbalpha), CD86 antigen (Cd86), interleukin 1 alpha (Il1a), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2/Cox-2), tumor necrosis factor (Tnf ), and TNF alpha-induced protein 3 (Tnfaip3). Here, IRF1 is linked to infection.