MANF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Interestingly, an exome sequencing study identified MANF as a potential causative gene for a 22-year-old woman patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, primary hypogonadism, short stature, mild intellectual disability, obesity, deafness, high myopia, microcephaly and partial alopecia (Yavarna et al., 2015).