Several transcripts encoding known inflammatory mediators are upregulated in AKI (Tnf, Ccl2 (Mcp-1), Tlr2, Trl4, IL6, IL10, IL18, Cox2, Icam1 and Vcam1) (Fig. S1), but the expression levels of some of these genes decreased in the CKD phase (Fig. 3A). Here, TNF is linked to acute kidney injury.