TNF and neoplasm: These SMAC mimetics can induce rapid degradation of cIAP1 and cIAP2 in cells; antagonize the functions of XIAP in functional assays and display anti-tumor effects in ovarian cancer and other in vivo mouse models when administrated alone or in combination with TNF-α, TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), radiotherapy, or chemotherapies such as cisplatin or paclitaxel20–23, and more recently immunotherapies.