LGALS1 and infection: Human Gal-1 and -8 promote IAV adhesion to the surface of the target-cell without affecting the internalization stage [157], and binding of A(H1N1) IAV to Gal-1 and -3 enhanced virus adhesion to and productive infection of airway epithelial cells, and increased galectin-mediated adhesion of S. pneumoniae [158], suggesting a possible role for galectins in secondary bacterial infections following influenza.