Despite preclinical data suggesting that afatinib might be effective against lung cancer cells harboring secondary T790M mutation [5], a phase 2b/3 randomized trial among lung cancer patients previously treated with EGFR-TKI revealed an overall response rate of only 7% and a PFS of just 3.3 months, indicating that the anti-cancer effect of afatinib on lung cancers containing T790M is clinically insufficient [6]. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and cancer.