RAD51 and urinary bladder neoplasm: We employ these assays to (1) determine hyperthermia’s potentiation of MMC and cisplatin treatment of bladder tumor cells, using a cytochrome C-release assay, and (2) determine the ability of the cells to form RAD51 foci after hyperthermia as a potential biomarker for efficacy of hyperthermia treatment [28,29].