TNF and gastroenteritis: For instance, elevated concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α were documented in a study of patients with SIRS, whereas IL‐6 and IL‐10 were correlated with poor prognosis.77 Interestingly, IL‐10 presence has been documented in autoimmune disease processes in which a deficiency may result in intestinal inflammation.78 IL‐1β is also implicated in inflammasome activity in a caspase‐1 dependent manner illustrating the complexity of the local tissue homeostasis.