TNF and melanoma: The precise reason for that is not clear, but it may be linked to the accelerated growth of transplanted osteosarcoma with time, thus surpassing the tumoricidal activity of activated macrophages.140 Furthermore, the antitumor effect of 11 was also studied in combination with IFN‐β, which has already shown promising results in the treatment of malignant melanoma.88 An in vitro study demonstrated that 11, in combination with IFN‐β, synergistically augmented activation of human monocyte‐derived DCs (MoDCs), resulting in the production of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐12.