TNF and neoplasm: It has been discovered that 32 suppressed the accumulation MDSCs in the spleen and bone marrow of 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice, while also repressing the expression of several metastasis‐promoting factors including TNF‐α, chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), transforming growth factor (TGF) β, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 in tumor tissue.178 These results are very encouraging since MDSCs play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis formation.