CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: MiR‐181a  targets the ubiquitin ligases Cbl‐b and c‐Cbl; these two factors are negatively correlated with PD‐L1 expression in tissue samples from NSCLC patients and are proved to inhibit PD‐L1 in vitro through inactivation of ERK, STAT, and AKT signaling (Wang et al., 2018).