TNF and HIV infectious disease: It is also frequently associated with genetic or acquired systemic immune deficiency such as defects in the pathways of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or interferon (IFN)-γ, immunosuppressive treatments (including anti-TNF-α therapy or corticosteroids), solid-organ transplantation, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [1–7].