CD8A and alkaline phosphatase measurement: We measured the numbers of Th1 (CD3+CD8−IFN-γ+IL-17−) and Th17 (CD3+CD8−IFN-γ−IL-17+) cells and Tc1 (CD3+CD8+IFN-γ+IL-17−) and Tc17 (CD3+CD8+IFN-γ−IL-17+) cells from patients with AP and healthy individuals as described in the Materials and Methods section (Figure 4A).