SERPINH1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Notably, CTGF is mostly upregulated by TGF-β1 (23), a well-known fibrogenic growth factor (also secreted by M2 macrophages) which was also identified to be positively associated through the heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47) with hepatic fibrosis in Chinese patients infected with S. japonicum (61).