TGFB1 and squamous cell intraepithelial neoplasia: In patients with high-risk HPV infections of the cervix and with SIL, the presence of IL-10 and TGF-β1 might initially create conditions that encourage an immunosuppressive microenvironment in the lesion, which could negatively affect the cellular immune response (Sasagawa et al., 2012; Torres-Poveda et al., 2014).