In the case of DM, factors such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and non-enzymatic glycosylation activate the PKC/ERK signaling pathway [9, 10], whereas metformin plays a protective role by inhibiting activation of the PKC/ERK signaling pathway and blocking the release of inflammatory mediators [11, 12]. The gene discussed is PRRT2; the disease is diabetes mellitus.