PPARG and brain ischemia: Additionally, treatment with G-Rg1 reduced the levels of microRNA (miR)-155-5p and CD11b in OGD-induced BV2 cells [79]; activated PPARγ signaling, which was inhibited by GW9662 (a selective PPARγ antagonist) [24]; inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB, p50, p65, and IKKα/β induced by treatment with TNF-α [61]; and strengthened protection against cerebral ischemia injury via anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects and reduced the phosphorylation of JNK1/2, HMGB1, and RAGE in the hippocampus of model animals.