An influence of fluoride on apoptosis was also demonstrated in in vitro studies carried out on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, where fluoride induced an increase in caspase-3 concentration and an increase in the expression of Fas, Fas-L, caspase-3, and caspase-8, suggesting that fluoride-dependent damage to neural cells results from—among other reasons—mitochondrial apoptosis due to the Fas-dependent activation of caspase-8 and subsequent activation of caspase-3 [123]. The gene discussed is FAS; the disease is neuroblastoma.