PON1 and metabolic syndrome: In chronic inflammatory states like MetS, dysfunctional HDL has been observed [15], characterized by low cholesterol efflux [16] and depletion of HDL-associated atheroprotective proteins including apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1) [17] and paraoxonase 1 (PON1), which are involved in cholesterol efflux [18,19], and antioxidant [20,21] and anti-inflammatory properties [22,23].