DDIT3 and metabolic syndrome: As the results shown in Figure 8A, ER stress was induced under hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia conditions, as the expression of GRP78, CHOP (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein) and the ratio of P-PERK/PERK, P-IRE/IRE were significantly increased in the hippocampus of db/db mice than the db/m group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01).