CACNA1D and type 1 diabetes mellitus: The Cav2.3 gene (R-type) was up-regulated in pregnancy and in type 1 diabetes whereas the CaV 2.1 (P/Q-type) and CaV3.2 (T-type) genes were up-regulated only in pregnancy and CaV1.3 (L-type) gene in type 1 diabetes.