LCN2 and stroke disorder: Several studies we summarized in this review suggest that LCN2 promotes brain injury as a proinflammatory molecule in the acute stage of stroke.16,21,23,26,29,30 Interestingly, LCN2 may also support the neurovascular recovery by enhancing angiogenesis and serving as a “help me signal” in the later stage of stroke.22,34 Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of time-dependent functions of LCN2 is a prerequisite for developing effective therapeutic interventions for the treatment of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.