As VDAC1 over-expression was shown to lead to apoptotic cell death 58, 113, 119, 120, 122 and high-levels of VDAC1 were found in the dystrophic neurites of Aβ deposits in AD post-mortem brains and APP transgenic mice 97, 98, 99, we propose that over-expressed VDAC is associated with neuronal cell death 291. Here, APP is linked to Alzheimer disease.