In accordance with this effect, we also found that CXCL16 stimulation increased the expression level of the matrix metalloproteinases mmp9 and mmp2 (Figure 4A right panel; n = 6, p < 0.05; Student's t-test), whose activity is reported to be involved with the invasion ability of glioma cells (35). The gene discussed is CXCL16; the disease is glioma.