TNF and Immunodeficiency: Akirin, from the Japanese “akiraka ni suru" meaning “making things clear," was first identified by Goto et al. (2008) as a key component of the immune deficiency (IMD) and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/Toll-like receptor (TLR)-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) (TNF/TLR) signaling pathways in Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus, respectively.