Other groups also showed that liraglutide can reduce inflammation and enhance LTP in AD transgenic mice (McClean et al., 2011; McClean and Hölscher, 2014), that exendin-4 prevents neuronal excitotoxicity in a neurodegenerative rat model (Perry, 2002) and icv insulin injections enhance cognitive performance (Park et al., 2000, Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene INS and Alzheimer disease.