Enrichment (FDR < 0.05) of 15 gene-sets was observed, including gene-sets relating to branches of the mammalian phenotype ontology tree that describe abnormal epidermal and ectodermal development (Supplementary Table 6); these implicate candidate causal genes with related biological functions at otherwise unresolved acne risk loci, including BCL11A at 2p16.1 and GLI2 at 2q14.2 (Table 1, Supplementary Table 6). This evidence concerns the gene GLI2 and acne.